Model Pembelajaran Proyek Kolaborasi Berbasis Potensi Lokal Pada Praktikum IPA Sebagai Strategi Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis: Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37824/vtcq2b78Keywords:
Critical Thinking, Local Potential, Science Lab, Collaborative PjBL, Systematic Literature Review.Abstract
Kemampuan berpikir kritis merupakan salah satu kompetensi esensial Abad 21 yang harus dikembangkan melalui pembelajaran sains, khususnya praktikum IPA. Namun, pelaksanaan praktikum konvensional seringkali bersifat mekanistis dan kurang kontekstual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyintesis tren, sintaks, dan efektivitas model pembelajaran proyek kolaborasi berbasis potensi lokal pada praktikum IPA dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa selama periode lima tahun terakhir (2021–2025). Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengikuti protokol PRISMA. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada database Scopus, Sinta, dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci yang relevan. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, diperoleh 15 artikel utama yang dianalisis secara mendalam. Hasil ulasan menunjukkan bahwa integrasi potensi lokal (seperti etnosains, kearifan lokal, dan potensi alam daerah) dalam proyek kolaborasi praktikum mampu mendongkrak kemampuan berpikir kritis, terutama pada indikator analisis, evaluasi, dan inferensi. Kolaborasi antar siswa dalam merancang dan memecahkan masalah proyek berbasis realitas lingkungan sekitar memberikan pengalaman belajar yang bermakna dan autentik. Selain itu, artikel ini berhasil merumuskan sintaks standar model pembelajaran proyek kolaborasi berbasis potensi lokal yang terdiri atas lima tahapan utama: orientasi masalah lokal, perencanaan proyek kolaboratif, investigasi laboratorium mandiri, pengembangan karya kreatif, dan evaluasi-refleksi. Tantangan utama yang diidentifikasi meliputi manajemen waktu dan kesiapan instrumen asesmen. Kesimpulannya, model ini terbukti efektif sebagai strategi inovatif untuk memberdayakan keterampilan berpikir kritis dalam pembelajaran IPA
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